Although dexamethasone is often used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery, concerns have been raised that it may increase the risk of surgical-site infection. A new study from researchers in New Zealand and Australia published on May 6 in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that dexamethasone was noninferior to placebo in the incidence of surgical-site infection within 30 days after nonurgent, noncardiac surgery.